Diabetes Management

What is diabetes?

In order for glucose absorbed in the body to be used by each cell and used as energy, insulin produced by the pancreas is required.
Diabetes is a disease in which this insulin is insufficient or does not work properly in the body, so it cannot be used as energy and causes symptoms of high blood sugar in the blood.

Obese and with the following risk factors
- Family history of diabetes (lineal)
- If you don't exercise
- Have given birth to a giant baby weighing more than 4.0 kg or have a history of gestational diabetes
- Hypertension (140/90mmHg)
- High-density cholesterol less than 35 mg/dl and triglycerides more than 250 mg/dl
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Fasting blood sugar disorder or impaired glucose tolerance
- Past history of vascular disease
All adults over 45 years of age, if normal on tests, performed at 3-year intervals

Symptoms vary, and sometimes no symptoms may appear.
- 3 Symptoms: Water intake, food intake, urination frequency
- Systemic symptoms: Weight loss, fatigue, hunger
- Ophthalmic symptoms: blurred vision, color change of objects
- Gynecological literacy: Local pruritus

Acute complications : Situations that require emergency treatment
- Ketoacidosis coma: dehydration, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, coma, etc.
- Hyperosmolality coma: In case of stroke or severe infection, dehydration, convulsions, temporary paralysis, mortality rate 50%
- Hypoglycemia: Hunger, tremors, night sweats, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, numbness in the fingertips, headache, confusion of consciousness
Chronic complications
- Renal: Nephropathy and uremia in severe cases, end-stage renal failure → diabetes diagnosis If it is more than 5 years old, kidney complication test is performed.
- Eyes: cataracts, retinopathy, glaucoma, etc.
- Cardiac and vascular complications: arteriosclerosis is 2~3 times higher, coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke
- Neuropathy: Multiple peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, numbness and numbness of hands and feet, sexual dysfunction
- Feet: Loosening or rotting due to ulcers and gangrene, decreased blood flow and bacterial infection

The ultimate goal of diabetes treatment is to manage blood sugar levels and prevent complications.
Diet
- Basic Goals of Diet Therapy: Control of blood sugar that increases after eating, Prevention of hypoglycemia, Maintenance of normal weight, Normalization of lipid metabolism, Prevention of arteriosclerosis
- Choice of foods high in fiber: multigrain rice, vegetables, raw fruits, seaweed, etc.
- Less irritating, cooking is bland.
- Limit alcohol intake: No nutritional value, only high in calories
- Simple sugars raise blood sugar rapidly in a short period of time, so limit your intake: sugar, honey, candy, cola, juice, etc.
Exercise Therapy
- Exercise 1~2 hours after eating and 1 hour after insulin injection.
- Avoid exercising if your blood sugar is high: Exercise can worsen your sugar metabolism.
- Consume 200~300 calories per day, at least 5 times a week
Drug therapy: If it cannot be controlled by diet or exercise therapy, it is treated by a doctor's prescription